The Mountain Alder is a multistemmed large shrub or small tree, growing 15 to 20 feet tall and wide. The dull dark green leaves are thin and oval with serrated margins. Bark is grayish-brown, thin, and smooth, becoming reddish-gray and scaly with age. Catkins are produced during the growing season prior to blooming, and expand before the leaves emerge in the spring. Cone-like fruits enclose a very small winged seed that matures in late summer and persist through winter.
Grows best in course to medium, nutrient rich, moist soils and sunny to lightly shaded areas. Mountain alder can tolerate floods but not drought. It is able to survive extremely cold winters. The seeds, buds, and catkins are important winter food for various birds, including chickadees and goldfinches.